Tropical storms are rare in the South Atlantic due to two main factors: cold water and strong wind shear. The Peru Current cools the southeastern Pacific, making it too cold for storm formation, as tropical systems require water temperatures of at least 79°F (26°C). Additionally, strong wind shear in the region disrupts storm development. The absence of the African "wave train," which fosters storm formation in the North Atlantic, also limits activity. Only one hurricane, Catarina in 2004, has formed in this basin. Some storms may have gone unrecorded due to limited historical data and less rigorous naming protocols. https://www.accuweather.com/en/hurricane/why-doesnt-the-south-atlantic-get-many-tropical-storms/1783386